Level of Vitamin D and its effect on the Lung Function among Paediatric with Bronchial Asthma: A Case–Control Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ajm.2026.9.01.46Keywords:
Bronchial asthma, Vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Children, Asthma severity, Pulmonary function, FEV1Abstract
Background: Bronchial asthma consider as one of chronic inflammatory illness among children, categorized by airflow restriction and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. A new studies that D deficiency may effects on immunomodulatory, in turn provoke asthma among patients who suffer from it. Objective: To evaluate serum vitamin D levels among children with asthma compared to healthy controls. In addition to assess an association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and severity of asthma, pulmonary function, and disease control. Method: case–control study included 100 children aged 5–13 years, at Babylon hospital for maternity and paediatric, Iraq, from July 2024 to January 2025. Fifty children diagnosed with bronchial asthma were compared with 50 age and sex matched healthy controls. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measured by ELISA and categorized into deficiency groups. Asthma severity was assessed clinically, and pulmonary function was evaluated using spirometry (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC). Results: D level expressively lesser among asthmatic child when compared with controls. Severe D deficiency (≤5 ng/mL) detected in 10% of asthmatic children and none of the controls, while deficiency (≤15 ng/mL) was present in 50% of cases compared to 10% of controls (p<0.001). A noteworthy converse association found between D levels and severity of asthma, with the lowest levels observed in severe asthma (p<0.001). Moreover, asthmatic children with D insufficiency (≤15 ng/mL) had significantly reduced pulmonary function, with mean FEV1 of 60.8±3.2 compared to 80.5±2.5 in those with higher vitamin D levels and 88.2±7.2 in controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: deficiency in vitamin D meaningfully linked with the bronchial asthma and its severity among children and correlates with impaired pulmonary function.
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