Digital Workflow in Maxillofacial Trauma Management: CBCT, Virtual Planning, Navigation and 3D Printing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ajm.2026.9.02.26Keywords:
Maxillofacial trauma, CBCT, Virtual surgical planning, Computer-assisted navigationAbstract
Maxillofacial trauma often involves complex three-dimensional fractures requiring precise diagnosis and surgical planning. Digital technologies such as CBCT, virtual surgical planning (VSP), computer-assisted navigation, and 3D printing have significantly improved the management of these injuries. CBCT provides detailed three-dimensional visualization of fracture patterns, while VSP enables virtual fracture reduction and surgical simulation. Navigation systems facilitate accurate intraoperative transfer of the planned procedure, and 3D printing allows fabrication of anatomical models, surgical guides, and patient-specific implants. These technologies can improve surgical accuracy, predictability, and facial symmetry while potentially reducing operative time. However, their use is associated with limitations including cost, technical expertise, additional planning time, and limited standardization. This narrative review highlights the integrated role of digital workflow technologies in modern maxillofacial trauma management and discusses their clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and future potential.
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